Dua Kronik Tionghoa dari Semarang dan Cirebon : Suatu Catatan tentang Asal Usul dan Kehandalan

Bilah Samping Artikel

PDF (Inggris)
Diterbitkan: 11-03-2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.66109/jid.vi.43
Kata Kunci:
Kronik Tionghoa, Semarang, Cirebon, M.O. Parlindungan, Cornelis Poortman

Isi Artikel Utama

Alexander Wain

Abstrak

This article is the first comprehensive evaluation of the provenance and reliability of the two enigmatic Kronik Tionghua texts of Semarang and Cirebon (the ‘Malay Annals of Semarang and Cerbon’). Initially published by M.O. Parlindungan in 1964, historians have increasingly begun to use these documents when reconstructing Java’s early Islamic history. This article is a long overdue attempt to positively identify the Dutch colonial official (Cornelis Poortman) whom Parlindungan claims to have received the texts from. Although the article establishes that Parlindungan almost certainly knew this individual, discrepancies between his version of Poortman’s career and official Dutch records raise questions about whether Poortman could have found the two Kronik Tionghoa, at least in the manner described. The article then ends with a close textual analysis of both Kronik Tionghua which demonstrates the possibility that both texts were written by a modern, Dutch-educated author. The article therefore concludes that both texts are probable fabrications, albeit ones based on authentic texts.

Rincian Artikel

Terbitan

Volume 5 Nomor 1, Maret 2025

Bagian

Artikel
Creative Commons License

Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Artikel ini dilisensikan di bawah Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

Anda diperbolehkan:
Membagikan — menyalin dan menyebarluaskan artikel dalam media atau format apa pun.
Mengadaptasi — menggubah, mengubah, dan membuat turunan dari materi ini untuk tujuan apa pun, termasuk komersial.

Dengan ketentuan:
Atribusi — Anda harus mencantumkan kredit yang sesuai kepada penulis asli dan sumber (Jurnal Identitas, [Tahun], Vol. [X], No. [Y]), menyertakan tautan ke lisensi, serta menunjukkan jika ada perubahan yang dilakukan.

Lisensi lengkap: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Cara Mengutip

Alexander Wain. (2025). Dua Kronik Tionghoa dari Semarang dan Cirebon : Suatu Catatan tentang Asal Usul dan Kehandalan. Jurnal Identitas, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.66109/jid.vi.43

Referensi

Babad Tanah Jawi 2012, Babad Tanah Jawi: Mulai dari Nabi Adam sampai tahun 1647, terj. Belanda, Olthof, WL, terj. Sumarsono HR, Narasi, Yogyakarta.

Badio S 2012, Menelusuri kesultanan di Tanah Jawa, Aswaja Pressindo, Yogyakarta.

Barros, J 1777-88, Da Asia, decada 4 livro l, Lisboa: Na Regia Officina Typografica, Lisbon.

Berg, CC 1961, ‘Javanese historiography: A synopsis of its evolution’, dalam Historians of South East Asia, ed. D.G.E. Hall, Oxford University Press, London.

Berg, CC 1965, ‘The Javanese picture of the past’, dalam Soedjatmoko, Mohammed Ali, G.J. Resink and George McT Kahin (eds), An introduction to Indonesian historiography, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, h. 87-117.

Brook, T 2008, ‘The merchant network in 16th century China’, dalam M Dillon (ed.), Key papers on Chinese economic history up to 1949, vol. 2, Taxation and Finance, Transport and Trade, Japan in China, and Manchuria Question, Global Oriental, Folkstone, h. 507-539.

Crawfurd, J 1820, History of the Indian Archipelago: Containing an account of the manners, arts, languages, religions, institutions, and commerce of its inhabitants, with maps and engravings, in three volume, volume 2, Archibald Constable, Edinburgh.

Djajadiningrat, H 1965 ‘Local traditions and the study of Indonesian history’, dalam Soedjatmoko, M Ali, G.J. Resink and GMcT Kahin (eds), An introduction to Indonesian historiography, Cornel University Press, Ithaca, New York, h. 74

Fatimi, SQ 1963, Islam comes to Malaysia, S Gordon (ed.), Malaysian Sociological Research Institute, Singapura.

Fei H 1996, Xingcha shenglan: The Overall Survey of the Star Raft, terj. JVG Mills, revised, annotated and edited R, Ptak., South China and Maritime Asia 4, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden.

Graaf & Pigeaud, TGTh 1976, Islamic states in Java, 1500-1700: Eight Dutch books and articles by Dr H.J. de Fraaf as summarized by Theodore G.Th. Pigeaud, Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Institut voor Taal-,Land-en Volkenkunde 70, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.

Graaf, HJ & Pigeaud, TGTh 1984, Chinese Muslims in Java in the 15th and 16th centuries: The Malay Annals of Semarang and Cerbon, ed. Merle C. Ricklefs, Monash Papers on Southeast Asia no. 12, Monash University, Clayton.

Hamka 1963, ‘Masuk dan berkembangnja agama Islam didaerah Pesisir Utara Sumatera’, dalam Risalah Seminar sedjarah masuknya Islam ke Indonesia, Panitia Seminar Sedjarah Masuknja Islam ke Indonesia, Medan, h. 93-4.

Hering, B 1986, The PKI’s aborted revolt: Some selected documents, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Occasional Papers No. 17, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville City.

Hikayat Hasanuddin 1938, ed. Jan Edel, Drukkerij en Uitgeverszaak b. Ten Brink, Meppel.

Jones, R 1987, ‘Chinese Muslim in Java in 15th and 16th centuries by H.J. de Graaf; Th.G.Th. Pigeaud; M.C. Ricklefs’, A Review article, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies vol. 50, no. 2, h. 423-24.

Kroef, JMVd 1965, The Communist Party of Indonesia: Its history, program and tactics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.

Kuitenbrouwer, M 2014, Dutch scholarship in the age of empire and beyond, KITLV --The Royal Netherland Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies, 1851-2011, Brill, Leiden.

Kumar, AL 1987, ‘Islam, the Chinese, and Indonesian Historiography, A review article’, Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 46, no. 3, h. 603-616.

Liang, SC 1984, A pictorial history of Chinese architecture: A study of the development of its stuctural system and the evolution of its types, dalam W Fairbank (ed.), MIT Press, Cambridge MA.

Liem, TJ 1933, Riwajat bangsa Tionghoa di Indonesia bagian riwajat Semarang 1416-1931, Ho Kim Yoe, Semarang.

Lombard, D & Salmon, C 1985, ‘Islam et Sinite’, Archipel, vol. 30, no. 1, h. 73-94.

Lombard, D 1986, ‘H.J. de Graaf & Th.G.Th. Pigeaud, ‘Chinese Muslim in Java in the 15th and 16th centuries’, Archipel, vol. 32, h. 186-7.

Lombard, D & Salmon, C 1993, ‘Islam and Chineseness,’ Indonesia, vol. 57, h. 115-31.

Ma Huan, Yingyai shenglan, terj.& ed. JVG Mills,Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Marrison, GE 1951, ‘The coming of Islam to the East Indies’, Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 24, no. 1, h. 28-37.

Muljana, S 1976, A story of Majapahit, Singapore University Press, Singapura.

Muljana, S 2012, Runtuhnya kerajaan Hindu-Jawa dan timbulnya negara-negara Islam di Nusantara, LKiS, Yogyakarta.

Muuses, M 1929, ‘Singhawikramawarddhana’, Feestbundel Uitgegeven Kononklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap, vol. II, G Kolff & Co., Weltevreden.

Noorduyn J 1978, ‘Majapahit in the fifteenth century’, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land-en Volkunkunde, vol. 134, no. 2/3, h. 207-74.

Ong, TH 1849, The Chinese abroad: A desultory account of the Malayan Archipelago, particularly of Java, The Mission Press, Shanghai.

Padmapuspita K (terj.) 1966, Pararaton: Teks Bahasa Kawi, terdjemahan Bahasa Indonesia, Taman Siswa, Jogjakarta.

Parlindungan, MO 1964, Pongkinangolngolan Sinambela gelar Tuanku Rao: Terror agama Islam mazhab Hambali di Tanah Batak 1816-1833, Tandjung Pengharapan, Djakarta.

Pires, T 2003, The Suma Oriental of Tom Pires: An account on the East, from the Red Sea to China, written in Malacca and India in 1512-1515, vol. 1, ed. dan terj., A Cortesao, Asian Educational Service, New Delhi..

Prange, SR 2009, ‘Like banners on the sea: Muslim trade networks and Islamization in Malabar and Maritime Southeast Asia’, dalam RM Feener & T Sevea (eds.), Islamic Connections: Muslim societies in South and Southeast Asia, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS), Singapura, h. 25-47.

Ptak, R 2001, ‘Ming Maritime trade to South East Asia, 1368-1567: Visions of a system’, dalam C Guillot, D Lombard & R Ptak (eds), From the Mediterranean to the China Sea: Miscellaneous note, South China and Maritime Asia, vol. 7, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, h. 157-192.

Ptak, R 2001, ‘Quanzhou: At the northern edge of a Southeast Asian

“Mediterranean”, dalam A Schottenhammer (ed.), The emporium of the world: Maritime Quanzhou, 1000-1400, E.J. Brill, Leiden, h. 395-428.

Raffles, TS 1817, The History of Java, vol. 2, Black, Parbury and Allen, and John Murray, London.

Ras, JJ 1986, ‘Hikayat Banjar dan Pararaton: A structural comparison of two chronicles’, dalam CMS. Hellwig & SO, Robson (eds.), A man of Indonesian letters: Essays in honour of Professor A. Teeuw, Foris, Dondrecht, h. 184-203.

Ras, JJ 1987 ‘The genesis of the Babad Tanah Jawi: Origin and function of the Javanese court chronicle’, Bijdragen tot de Taal-,Land-en Volkenkunde, vol. 143, No. 2, h. 343-56.

Regeeringsalmanak voor Nederlandsch-Indie, 1887, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1924, 1925, Landsdrukkerij,, Batavia.

Reid, A 2012, ‘Flows and seepages in the long-term Chinese interaction with Southeast Asia’s, dalam A Reid (ed.), Sojourners and settlers: Histories of Southeast Asia and the Chinese, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.

Ricci, R 2010, ‘Islamic literary networks in South and Southeast Asia’, Journal of Islamic Studies, vol. 21, no. 1, h. 1-28.

Salmon, C 1987, ‘Review of H.J. de Graaf, Th.G.Th Pigeaud, dan M.C. Ricklefs “Chinese Muslim in Java in the 15th and 16th centuries”’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 18, no. 2, h. 340-1.

Setiakusuma, P 2006, Klenteng Agung Sam Poo Kong, Semarang, Yayasan Sam Poo Kong.

Suryadinata, L 2005, ‘Zheng He, Semarang and the Islamization of Java: Between history and legend’, dalam L Suryadinata (ed.), Admiral Zheng He & Southeast Asia, International Zheng He Society and ISEAS, Singapura

Talango, A 2012, Sosok-sosok hebat di balik kerajaan-kerajaan Jawa: Perjuangan dan kegigihan mereka sumber inspirasi kita, Flashbooks, Jogjakarta.

Wade, G 2010, ‘Early Muslim expansion in South-East Asia, eight to fifteenth centuries’, dalam D Morgan & A Reid (eds),The new Cambridge history of Islam, vol. 3, The eastern Islamic world eleventh to eighteenth centuries, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, h. 366-408.

Wade, G 2012, ‘Southeast Asian Islam and Southern China in the fourteenth century’, dalam G Wade & T Li (eds), Anthony Reid and the study of the Southeast Asian past, ISEAS, Singapura, h. 125-145.

Wain, A 2015, ‘Chinese Muslims and the conversion of the Nusantara to Islam’, DPhil diss., University of Oxford, Oxford.

Wieringa, E 1998, ‘The dream of the king and the holy war against the Dutch: The Koteubah of the Acehnese epic, Hikayat Prang Gompeuni’, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 61, no. 2, h. 298-308.

Yun-ts’iao, H (ed.) 1953, ‘Kaiba lidai shiji’ dalam Nanyang Xuebao, Journal of the South Seas Society, vol. 9, no. 1, h.1-64.